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Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld - Wikipedia
Ernest Frederick succeeded his father in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld when he died in 1764 and established his definitive residence shifted in Coburg. Because of the high indebtedness of the duchy he was compelled by Emperor Joseph II in 1773 to work with a Debit commission -an obligatory administration of debts assigned by the emperor-for over thirty years.
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Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Wikipedia
Ernest I ( German: Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig Herzog ; 2 January 1784 - 29 January 1844) was the last sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I).
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Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld - Wikipedia
Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( Coburg, 15 July 1750 - Coburg, 9 December 1806), was one of the ruling Thuringian dukes of the House of Wettin. As progenitor of a line of Coburg princes who, in the 19th and 20th centuries, mounted the thrones of several European realms, he is a patrilineal ancestor of, among others, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, King Philippe of Belgium and King Simeon II of Bulgaria.
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Queen Victoria - Wikipedia
At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne. The prime minister at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice.
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George III of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 - 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.
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Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne - Wikipedia
Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, (14 March 1855 - 7 November 1944), styled as Lord Glamis from 1865 to 1904, was a British peer and landowner who was the father of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.
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Albert, Prince Consort - Wikipedia
Victoria came to depend more and more on his support and guidance. He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament-although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston's tenure as Foreign Secretary.
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Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother - Wikipedia
Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 - 30 March 2002) was the wife of King George VI and the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. She was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions from her husband's accession in 1936 until his death in 1952, after which she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter.
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Prince of Wales

Born: 1948

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The Prince of Wales is the Queen's eldest son and first in line to the throne. On 29 July 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer, who became the Princess of Wales. The couple had two sons, William and Harry. They later separated and their marriage was dissolved in 1996. On 31 August 1997, the Princess was killed in a car crash in Paris. Prince Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles on 9 April 2005. As heir to the throne, his main duties are to support the Queen in her royal commitments.

Duke of Cambridge

Born: 1982

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Prince William is the eldest son of the Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is second in line to the throne. The Duke was 15 years old when his mother died. He went on to study at St Andrews University, where he met his future wife, Kate Middleton. The couple were married in 2011. On his 21st birthday he was appointed a Counsellor of State - standing in for the Queen on official occasions. He and his wife had their first child, George, in July 2013 and their second, Charlotte, in 2015. The prince trained with the Army, Royal Navy and RAF before spending three years as an RAF search and rescue pilot with RAF Valley on Anglesey, north Wales. He also worked part-time for two years as a co-pilot with the East Anglian Air Ambulance alongside his royal duties. He left the role in July 2017 to take on more royal duties on behalf of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh.

Prince George of Cambridge

Born: 2013

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Prince George of Cambridge was born on 22 July 2013 at St Mary's hospital in London. Prince William was present for the birth of his son, who weighed 8lb 6oz (3.8kg). He is due to start primary school in September 2017. Prince George is third in line to the throne, after his father and grandfather.

Princess Charlotte of Cambridge

Born: 2015

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The Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to her second child, a baby girl on 2 May 2015, again at St Mary's hospital. The Duke of Cambridge was present for the birth of the 8lb 3oz (3.7kg) baby. The duke and duchess named her Charlotte Elizabeth Diana. She is fourth in line to the throne and is known as Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge.

Prince Louis of Cambridge

Born: 2018


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The Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to her third child, a baby boy weighing 8lbs 7oz, on 23 April, 2018 at St Mary's Hospital in London.

The Duke of Cambridge was present for the birth of Louis Arthur Charles.

Prince Louis (pronounced Lou-ee, not Lou-iss) is fifth in line to the throne.

Prince Harry

Born: 1984

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Prince Harry trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and went on to become a lieutenant in the Army, serving as a helicopter pilot. He has been a Counsellor of State since his 21st birthday, standing in for the Queen on official duties. During his 10 years in the Armed Forces, Capt Wales, as he became known, saw active service in Afghanistan twice, in 2012 to 2013 as an Apache helicopter co-pilot and gunner. He left the Army in 2015 and now focuses on charitable work, including conservation in Africa and organising the Invictus Games for injured members of the armed forces.

He married US actress Meghan Markle on 19 May at Windsor Castle.

Prince Andrew, Duke of York

Born: 1960

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Prince Andrew was the third child of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh - but the first to be born to a reigning monarch for 103 years. He was created the Duke of York on his marriage to Sarah Ferguson, who became Duchess of York, in 1986. They had two daughters - Beatrice, in 1988, and Eugenie, in 1990. In March 1992 it was announced the duke and duchess were to separate. They divorced in 1996. The duke served for 22 years in the Royal Navy and saw active service in the Falklands War in 1982. In addition to royal engagements, he served as a special trade representative for the government until 2011.

Princess Beatrice

Born: 1988

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Princess Beatrice is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York. Her full title is Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of York. She has no official surname, but uses the name York. If she marries, she will retain her royal title, but will have the option of taking her husband's surname.

Princess Eugenie

Born: 1990

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Princess Eugenie is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah, Duchess of York. Her full title is Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York. Like her sister Princess Beatrice, she has no official surname, but uses "York." She is due to marry her long-term boyfriend Jack Brooksbank in October. She will retain her royal title and will have the option of taking her husband's surname.

Earl of Wessex

Born: 1964

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Prince Edward was given the title Earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn on his marriage to Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999. The couple have two children, Lady Louise, born in 2003 and James, Viscount Severn, born in 2007. After serving in the Royal Marines, the prince formed his own TV production company. He now supports the Queen in her official duties and carries out public engagements for charities.

James, Viscount Severn

Born: 2007

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Viscount Severn is the younger child of the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The couple decided to give their children "courtesy" titles as sons or daughters of an Earl, rather than the style prince or princess. It is thought this decision was made to avoid some of the burdens of royal titles.

Lady Louise

Born: 2003

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Lady Louise Windsor is the elder child of the Earl and Countess of Wessex. She also has a "courtesy" title.

Princess Royal

Born: 1950

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The Princess Royal is the Queen's second child and only daughter. She was given the title Princess Royal in June 1987. Princess Anne has married twice; her first husband Capt Mark Phillips is the father of her two children, Peter and Zara, while her second is Vice-Adm Timothy Laurence. The princess was the first royal to use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor in an official document, in the marriage register after her wedding to Capt Phillips. She competed in equestrian events for Great Britain in the 1976 Montreal Olympics and is involved with a number of charities, including Save the Children, of which she has been president since 1970.

Peter Phillips

Born: 1977

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Peter Phillips is the eldest of the Queen's grandchildren. He married Canadian Autumn Kelly in 2008 and together they have two daughters, Savannah, born in 2010, and Isla, born in 2012. The children of the Princess Royal do not have royal titles, as they are descended from the female line. Mark Phillips refused the offer of an earldom when he married so their children do not have courtesy titles.

Savannah

Born: 2010

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Savannah, born in 2010, is the elder daughter of Peter and Autumn Phillips and the Queen's first great-grandchild.

Isla

Born: 2012

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Isla, born in 2012, is the second daughter of Peter and Autumn Phillips.

Zara Tindall

Born: 1981

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Zara Tindall has followed her mother and father with a highly successful riding career - including winning a silver medal at the London 2012 Olympics. She married former England rugby player Mike Tindall in 2011 and the couple had their first child, Mia Grace, in 2014. The children of the Princess Royal do not hold a royal title, as they are descended from the female line. Their father, Mark Phillips, turned down an earldom when he married Princess Anne, so they do not have courtesy titles.

Mia Grace

Born: 2014

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The Queen's granddaughter Zara Tindall gave birth in January 2014 to a baby girl weighing 7lb 12oz (3.5kg).

George V - Wikipedia
When Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, George's first cousin (their mothers were sisters), was overthrown in the Russian Revolution of 1917, the British government offered political asylum to the Tsar and his family, but worsening conditions for the British people, and fears that revolution might come to the British Isles, led George to think that the presence of the Romanovs would be seen as inappropriate.
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